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https://wiki.debian.org/FrontPage
https://wiki.debian.org/HardwareVideoAcceleration
Aliases
list aliases : alias
aliases file : ~/.bash_aliases
example : alias cgrep='grep -rni --include=*.{h,c,cpp,cxx}'
Alternatives
https://wiki.debian.org/DebianAlternatives
list alternatives : update-alternatives --get-selections
list choices : update-alternatives --list x-cursor-theme
default session : sudo update-alternatives --config x-session-manager
default terminal : sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator
Boot target
sudo systemctl get-default
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
Environment variables
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/environment_variables
https://askubuntu.com/questions/866161/
https://askubuntu.com/questions/60218/
/etc/environment
$HOME/.profile
/etc/profile
grub.conf
https://askubuntu.com/questions/575651/
edit config : /etc/default/grub
update : sudo update-grub
Locale
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/locale
/etc/default/locale
pkexec
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/203136/
https://askubuntu.com/questions/608419/
Reboot / Halt System
systemctl reboot
systemctl poweroff
System Infos
inxi -b
glxinfo | egrep "OpenGL vendor|OpenGL renderer"
vainfo
System CPU usage
top -n2
ps -Ao user,uid,comm,pid,pcpu --sort=-pcpu | head -n 11
System memory usage
top -n 2 -o %MEM
User's groups
groups username
Source list
/etc/apt/sources.list
Check if reboot is needed
Check which packages can be uodated
sudo apt update && apt list --upgradable
Enable non-free-firmware
Find the package that provides a file
https://askubuntu.com/questions/481/
dpkg -S /bin/ls
Get package version
dpkg -l libgtk-3-0 | grep ^ii
Get source of package
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-get-source...
check if deb-src is enabled : cat /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update
apt source <package>
Install python programs
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58831133/
https://luminousmen.com/post/why-use-pip-install-user
create an alias such as :
alias pyinst='python3 -m pip install --break-system-packages --user'
then run : pyinst <appname>
List dependencies
https://askubuntu.com/questions/80655/
apt-cache depends <package>
apt-cache rdepends <package>
apt-cache rdepends --installed <package>
List files from a package
https://serverfault.com/questions/96964/
https://askubuntu.com/questions/32507/
dpkg -L <package>
dpkg-query -L <package_name>
List installed packages
dpkg -l
dpkg -l | grep thunar
apt list thunar
apt list --installed | grep glib
List obsolete packages
https://www.guyrutenberg.com/2022/03/19/list-obsolete-packages-using-apt/
apt list ?obsolete
Purge Apt Cache
sudo apt clean; sudo apt autoclean
Remove useless packages
sudo apt autopurge
Search package name
apt search thunar
System upgrade
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
or
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade
yt-dlp
https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp
install or update : pyinst -U yt-dlp
create a symlink : sudo ln -s ~/.local/bin/yt-dlp /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
nightly releases : https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases
Check drive spin down
https://superuser.com/questions/173622/
hdparm -C /dev/sdX
Eject USB drives
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/35508/
sudo eject /dev/sdX
Power Off Drive
https://askubuntu.com/questions/671683/
https://forum.manjaro.org/t/eject-external-hard-drive-option-gone/61895/6
sync; udisksctl power-off -b /dev/sdX
Read smart infos
sudo smartctl -s on -a /dev/sdX
I/O test
https://www.cyberciti.biz/howto-test-disk-performance...
dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/test1.img bs=1G count=1 oflag=dsync
Write an img file to a drive using systools
https://github.com/hotnuma/systools
lsblk -p
sudo umount /dev/sdX?
rpimg "file.img" /dev/sdX
Write Debian Iso
lsblk -p
sudo umount /dev/sdX?
sudo cp "debian.iso" /dev/sdX
sync
Delete all partitions
https://serverfault.com/questions/250839/
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc
Fix NTFS partition
sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdX1
Format /dev/sdX1 in Ext4
lsblk -p
sudo umount /dev/sdX1
sudo mkfs.ext4 -L "Backup" /dev/sdX1
sudo chown $USER:$USER /media/$USER/Backup
Format /dev/sdX1 in NTFS
lsblk -p
sudo umount /dev/sdX1
sudo mkfs.ntfs -f -L "Backup" /dev/sdX1
Read UUID
sudo blkid
Rename NTFS partition
sudo ntfslabel -f /dev/sdX1 Backup1
Unmount all
umount /dev/sdX?
Top Directories
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-do-i-find-the-largest-file
sudo du / -xam --max-depth=2 2>/dev/null | sort -nr | head -20
sudo du / -ham 2>/dev/null | sort -nr | head -n 20
Compress a directory with 7zip
7z a example.7z example/
without compression :
7z a -mx=0 example.7z example/
Delete empty directories
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/46322/
To check : find . -type d -empty -print
To delete : find . -type d -empty -delete
Recursive grep
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12516937/
grep -r "texthere" .
grep -rni --include=*.{h,c,cpp,cxx} "texthere"
Change file owner
sudo chown $USER:$USER <filepath>
Check opened files
Create a symbolic link
ln -s target_path link_name
Edit config files
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/642578/
sed -i 's/^GRUB_TIMEOUT=.*/GRUB_TIMEOUT=0/' "input.txt"
Extract lines
sed -n \
-e '/^\[Desktop Entry\]/p' \
-e '/^Name=/p' \
-e '/^Exec=/p' \
-e '/^Type=/p' \
/usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop
Find biggest files in directory
find . -type f -printf "%s\t%p\n" | sort -nr | head -10
Find files not own by user
find ~ ! -user $USER -o ! -group $USER
Find ignore errors
find / -name *.html 2>/dev/null
Find last modified files
find ~ -cmin -5
Find multiple pattern
find . -type f -name "*.h" -o -name "*.c"
Format text file to a specific line length
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/146089/
fmt --width=120 input.txt > output.txt
Remove execute flag
find . -type f -exec chmod -x {} \;
Remove presentation mode in PDFs
Replace multiple spaces
https://superuser.com/questions/241018/
sed -i 's/ */ /g' "input.txt"
sed -i 's/ */\t/g' "input.txt"
Additional programs
datamash
evince
exiv2
freefilesync
gnuplot
greybird-gtk-theme
libgd-dev
lz4json
plotutils
sigil
uchardet
vainfo
xfce4-screenshooter
bash
libreoffice
convert csv to odt : soffice --convert-to ods example.csv --headless
rofi
delete entry : type shift+delete on the entry
zathura
copy to clipboard : https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/339487/
Batocera
https://www.reddit.com/r/batocera/comments/14kii1n/batocera_keyboard_hotkey_list/
Mpv
Zathura
https://www.maketecheasier.com/cheatsheet/zathura-keyboard-shortcuts/
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/497737/
Change border size with Labwc
cat $HOME/.config/labwc/themerc-override
border.width: 3
Copy to clipboard
Datamash examples
https://linuxcommandlibrary.com/man/datamash
alias : alias datamash='LC_ALL=C datamash'
datamash -R 2 mean 1 mean 2 mean 3 < ff_138_4.txt
Delete thumbnails older than 30 days
find ~/.cache/thumbnails/ -type f -iname \*.png -mtime +30 -delete
Get installation date
stat -c %w /
Output command without localization
LANGUAGE=C free -h
or
LANG=C free -h
Switch to non-graphical
https://superuser.com/questions/100693/
console : Ctrl+Alt+F1
graphical : Ctrl+Alt+F7
Uninstall desktop portals
sudo apt purge xdg-desktop-portal*
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